Management of alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy : Nursing made Incredibly Easy
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are often the first line drugs to alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms. They have central effects on pain transmission and block the active re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. TCAs have been shown to relieve various neuropathic pain conditions in many trials [115]. In agreement with this, one recent study has confirmed the efficacy of TCAs in central pain [116]. The serotonin/norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs), duloxetine and venlafaxine, have a well-documented efficacy in painful polyneuropathy [117, 118].
Since our muscles depend on nearby nerves for communication in order to function, severe alcoholic neuropathy may result in motor weakness due to nerve damage2. The muscles cannot work as they normally would when this message is obstructed by damaged nerves. Alcoholic neuropathy is a nerve condition brought on by long-term, excessive alcohol use. Reduced sensation, pain/hypersensitivity, muscle weakness, and autonomic dysfunction are the four main effects of alcoholic neuropathy that are brought on by nerve damage.
Effects due to alcohol ingestion
Another prominent effect of alcoholic neuropathy involves painful and uncomfortable sensations. Alcoholic neuropathy can result in hypersensitivity to touch and even resting pain. Light touch can feel exaggerated and painful, particularly in the fingers and toes. Alcoholic neuropathy is a severe condition that can lead to chronic pain, loss of some bodily functions, and permanent disability.
Translocation of NFkβ to the nucleus has been reported to result in activation of the endogenous proteolytic enzyme system caspases [69]. Joseph & Levine [71] suggested that activity in signaling pathways that ultimately lead to apoptosis plays a critical role in the generation of neuropathic pain, before death of sensory neurones becomes apparent. Activator and effector caspases, defining components of programmed cell death signalling pathways, also contribute to pain-related behaviour in animals with small fibre peripheral neuropathies. The death receptor ligand, tumour necrosis factor α, and its downstream second messenger, ceramide, also produce pain-related behaviour via this mechanism. This suggests that these pathways are potential targets for novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of inflammatory as well as neuropathic pain [71]. Alcohol-related neurologic disease refers to a range of conditions caused by alcohol intake that affect the nerves and nervous system.
Oxidative-nitrosative stress and alcoholic neuropathy
Extensive animal and human research of ethanol neurotoxicity in alcoholic brain and liver disease provides a possible mechanism by which ethanol may effect the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This information would lead to a more accurate classification of ALN based on its etiology. The primary goal of this article is to review the evidence of proposed mechanisms in the development of ALN, specifically those related to thiamine deficiency and ethanol. Deficiency of vitamins other than thiamine may also contribute to clinical features of alcoholic neuropathy. Chronic alcoholism can alter the intake, absorption and utilization of various nutrients (nicotinic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate or vitamin E).
All RCTs that were included As well as this, where interventional studies are cited a clear description of their design is in text to allow the reader to evaluate that articles risk of bias. The only way to prevent alcoholic neuropathy is not to drink excessive amounts of alcohol. It is important to supplement the diet with vitamins, including thiamine and folic acid. Capsaicin is a topical agent that modulates the inflammatory effects of the neurotransmitter neurokinin A to reduce neuropathic pain.
Alcohol-Induced Causes Of Neuropathy
A doctor may also want to test the functioning of the kidneys, liver, and thyroid. In addition, they may order blood tests to check for vitamin and nutrient deficiencies. Deficiencies in these nutrients can harm overall health and stop nerves from functioning correctly. The medical complications alcoholic neuropathy recovery time of alcohol use can be stressful to manage alone. For more information about alcohol use and alcohol treatment options, contact one of our treatment specialists today. People who struggle with alcoholism should try to eat a healthy and balanced diet, even if they don’t feel hungry.
Patients may also experience numbness, restless legs syndrome, dry eyes and mouth, increased sweating, stomach problems, bladder control issues, skin discoloration, and cardiovascular symptoms. Autonomic nerve damage may cause a fluctuation in heart rate and BP, leading to orthostatic hypotension. Patients are likely to experience heat intolerance, excessive sweating, difficulty while swallowing, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. Sexual drive and performance are diminished in both men and women, including erectile dysfunction in men. Patients may also have a deficiency in vitamin B12 (cobalamin), affecting the axon and causing muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and anemia.
History and Physical
As supported by immunostaining, the membrane fraction showed that spinal mGluR5 concentrations in ethanol-treated rats were significantly increased compared with those in the control diet group. These findings support the idea that the increased number of membrane-bound mGluR5 following chronic ethanol consumption may lead to a long lasting activation of neuronal protein kinase C in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This phenomenon may be responsible for the induction of the neuropathic pain like behaviour following chronic ethanol consumption.
With new research, there is always new opportunity for advancements in treatment and prevention strategies. Recovered is not a medical, healthcare or therapeutic services provider and no medical, psychiatric, psychological or physical treatment or advice is being provided by Recovered. If you are facing a medical emergency or considering suicide or self harm, please call 911 immediately. There are several tests that can be done to diagnose alcohol neuropathy and usually, more than one is necessary. Alcohol neuropathy symptoms can also be mistaken for signs of delirium tremens; that is why only a trained physician can put the correct diagnosis. Ultimately, the best way to prevent alcohol-related neurologic disease is to not drink alcohol.
Diagnosing Alcoholic Polyneuropathy
Abstinence can prevent the progression and reoccurrence of neuropathy and, after a few months, improve symptoms in some people. Sensory symptoms, caused by damage to sensory nerves, usually begin in the feet before progressing to the legs, hands, and arms. Usually, when sensory function becomes impaired above the ankle, they will also spread into the hands, a distribution known as the stocking-and-glove pattern.[5] Symptoms also often develop symmetrically. Seeking immediate help, eating a healthy diet, taking vitamin supplements and not being afraid to ask for specialized help can help the person return to normal life and deal with dry drunk traits before permanent nerve damage incurs. Alcoholic neuropathy does not display the same symptoms in all individuals.
- However, some people notice an improvement in symptoms a few months after discontinuing alcohol intake.
- A person is diagnosed with AUD when he or she meets at least 2 of the 11 criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
- 87 articles were included in this review, 29 case–control studies, 52 prospective/retrospective cohort studies and 2 randomised control trials, 1 cross sectional study, and 3 population-based studies.
Excessive or heavy alcohol consumption is defined by the CDC when men have 15 or more drinks each week and women have 8 or more drinks each week. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reports that 16 million people in the US have been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). A person is diagnosed with AUD when he or she meets at least 2 of the 11 criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Multiple research studies indicate that 11% to 66% of people with AUD have alcohol-induced PN. Although the clinical and animal studies have focused on nutritional deficiency, biochemical studies provide evidence that alcohol may affect thiamine utilization rather than cause thiamine deficiency. Thiamine levels in the ALN group were comparable to those of normal subjects, whereas there was a significantly lower concentration among those in the Wernicke–Korsakoff group.
2022-03-12
